We do not know exactly who the first inhabitants of Tuscany were. The first reliable traces of man's presence in the region go as far back as the second Millenium B.C., better known as the "Bronze and Iron" age.
Ruins of villages belonging to the above-mentioned historical period have been discovered in various parts of Tuscany, together with a number of utensils and archaeological findings that confirm the existence of a reasonably well organized civilization.
Between the 10th and the 8th Century B,C., the "Iron Age" reached its climax in the civilization of Villanova, whose name is derived from the Villanova settlement, that has nowadays acquired great archaeological value thanks to the numerous spears, swords, combs and all kinds of jewelry that have been found there.
Towards the 8th Century B,C. traces of a mysterious and extraordinary population started to appear all over Italy: the Etruscans, Etruria got its name from them. Under the Romans the name was transformed into Tuscia, then changed again into Tuscania and finally into Toscana. The historians still question the origins of this population. The most credible hypothesis is that they came from Lydia in Asia Minor, as the traditions and the artistic expressions reveal evident traces of an oriental civilization.
Without going back as far as the Etruscans, one could say that apart from the numerous testimonies of Medieval castles and extremely ancient churches, the urban architecture of Toscana began in the 1200s with the construction of the tower-houses, more like fortresses than private residences the 1500s saw an ideal architectural organisation for the urban setting, and it was in this century that not only the Nobility but also the rich middle classes who built their own houses, instructing able and refined architects like Simone del Pollaiolo, Buontalenti and Giambologna. At the end of this century several new trends appeared, among which was the balcony. The 1600s brought the Baroque opulence, best expressed in religious architecture. The end of the 1700 coincided with the construction of elegant bourgeois detached houses on the outskirts of the city and cleaner lined buildings and churches.
The most radical urban transformation, especially in Firenze, was in the 1800s, when old houses were knocked down to make way for imposing buildings worthy of the new born Capital of Italy, often designed by Baccani and Poggi. Lastly the 1900s opened with the decorative “art nouveau”, of which we have notable examples of buildings in Versilia and Montecatini
Manifold are the aspects that offer a harmonious landscape composed from mountains, hills and lowlands The dense mountains of vegetation have covered of oaks, chestnut trees, beech trees and firs. In the hilly tops we find the ulivis, the cypresses or big cultivated expanses to vineyards, where are built in way isolated houses farmer's or small suburbs. The cities rich in history are placed in the level areas of the fund valley and they still maintain preserved numerous monuments and artistic treasures. Zones of wild beach are still alternated with modern bathing zones.
Toscana is not only hills, a notable part, about one million hectares, is mountains, rich with centuries old woods and forests, as for example the area of Amiata and Casentino.
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Lastly we can turn our eyes to the Tuscan sea, where the uncontaminated little islands emerge from our archipelago, presenting us with a fairytale landscape.
